Experimental Chamber with Computer-Controlled Display Wall

ABSTRACT

An environmental chamber having an interior compartment, an augmented display, and a controller is disclosed. The interior compartment is adapted for isolating an experimental setup from an environment external to the interior compartment. The augmented display is positioned to allow a user in the external environment to view the interior compartment and an image generated on the augmented display. The controller generates the image. The image includes information about a component within the interior compartment. The augment display can include a touch-enabled display screen that allows the user to interact with controller.

BACKGROUND

Experiments in chemistry and biology must often be performed in achamber that isolates the experimental setup from the personnelperforming the experiment. The isolation may be required to protect thepersonnel from products generated during the experiment such as toxicfumes or to protect the personnel from potential danger if theexperimental apparatus fails. Isolation may also be required to protectthe experiment from contamination by the personnel working on theexperiment or substances in the environment. Biological experiments areeasily ruined by microorganisms from the environment or the personnelworking on the experiments. Similarly, semiconductor fabricationrequires clean rooms and environments to prevent contamination fromrendering the circuits being fabricated from damage during fabrication.

As experiments become more computerized, data collection and displaycomponents are often added to the experimental setup. These componentsare typically implemented on a separate computer system that allows thepersonnel to view data collected by sensors in the experiment or otherexperimental parameters. In addition, many experiments have a time spanthat extends beyond a single work shift, and hence, the experiment mustbe monitored during off hours and/or information about the experimentmust be transferred between shifts of operating personnel. Thesecommunication functions are typically done manually by writing in a logor posting notes on the environmental chamber. The remote monitoringfunctions are likewise separate from the experimental setup andenvironmental chamber.

SUMMARY

The present invention includes an environmental chamber having aninterior compartment, an augmented display, and a controller. Theinterior compartment is adapted for isolating an experimental setup froman environment external to the interior compartment. The augmenteddisplay is positioned to allow a user in the external environment toview the interior compartment and an image generated on the augmenteddisplay. The controller generates the image. The image includesinformation about a component within the interior compartment. Theaugmented display can include a touch-enabled display screen that allowsthe user to interact with the controller. In one aspect of theinvention, the image includes information generated by sensors in theinterior chamber. In another aspect of the invention, the image includesa drawing of the experimental setup with the information displayed onthe drawing. In yet another aspect of the invention, the controllergenerates the drawing using information that specifies an experimentalsetup in the interior compartment. In a still further aspect of theinvention, the controller transmits the augmented image to a remotelocation.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates a fume hood according to one embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 2 illustrates the view of an exemplary experimental setup as seenby a user through the display screen.

FIG. 3 illustrates the view through the display screen in an embodimentof the present invention that employs such a stylized image.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is based on the observation that the laboratoryenvironment in which isolation chambers are required could benefit fromaugmented displays. For the purposes of this discussion, an augmenteddisplay is defined to be a transparent display screen on whichadditional information relative to the scene viewed through the displayscreen is displayed. In particular, an augmented display that replacesthe transparent window in an environmental chamber and is controlled bya computer that is integrated into the experimental setup in theenvironmental chamber can be used to provide experiment isolation,display collected data, and facilitate remote monitoring of theenvironmental chamber.

The manner in which the present invention provides its advantages can bemore easily understood with reference to FIG. 1, which illustrates afume hood 10 according to one embodiment of the present invention. Forthe purposes of this discussion, a fume hood is defined to be a chamberthat includes a ventilation system that removes gases from the interiorof the chamber to prevent those gases from reaching a user in thevicinity of the fume hood. The ventilation system maintains the chamberat a pressure that is less than that of the area in which the user ispositioned. Typically, fume hoods include glass windows that can belowered to separate the user from the interior of the chamber; however,the window is not required to provide an airtight seal. Fume hood 10includes a transparent display screen 13 through which a user 14 viewsan experimental setup 11 that is enclosed in chamber 12. In thisembodiment, the transparent display screen 13 replaces the conventionaltransparent window; however, embodiments in which transparent displayscreen 13 is provided between the conventional window and the user canalso be constructed. In one aspect of the invention, transparent displayscreen 13 is constructed from a plastic material that will protect auser in the event of an explosion or discharge of materials within thechamber.

Fume hood 10 optionally includes a number of sensors whose outputs areprocessed by controller 16, which also controls the informationdisplayed on transparent display screen 13. These sensors includesensors that monitor the experimental setup and sensors that monitoruser 14. For example, a camera 15 having an extended spectral rangeviews experimental setup 11 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1.Additional sensors that are built into components in the experimentalsetup may also be present. A second camera 17 views user 14 and providesinformation about the user's position and the direction in which theuser is looking. The use of this information will be explained in moredetail below.

In one aspect of the invention, controller 16 also includes a connectionto a network 18 that may include a link to the internet. This linkallows controller 16 to communicate information collected during theexperiment and various alerts to a remote location that can include aremote console 19 that reproduces the display on transparent displayscreen 13 for viewing by personnel at the remote site.

Refer now to FIG. 2, which illustrates the view of an exemplaryexperimental setup as seen by user 14 through transparent display screen13. The experimental setup consists of a distillation experiment inwhich a liquid in flask 21 is heated on a heater 24. The resultantvapors are condensed in a condenser 22 whose output is collected inbeaker 23 that sits on a scale 25. For the purposes of this example, itis assumed that heater 24 includes a sensor that is connected tocontroller 16 and provides a readout of the temperature in the flask.Similarly, it will be assumed that scale 25 has a readout that istransmitted to controller 16. Finally, it will be assumed that camera 15provides an infrared image to controller 16, which controller 16 uses toidentify localized hot spots inside the fume hood 10.

The additional information that controller 16 provides on transparentdisplay screen 13 is shown at 26-28. The information at 26 is thetemperature provided by the heater sensor. The information at 27 is theweight recorded on the scale. At 28, a heated region that was viewedwith the infrared camera is displayed to warn the user of a hot spotthat probably results from a leak in the tubing connecting flask 21 tocondenser 22.

Controller 16 can also provide additional information on transparentdisplay screen 13 in response to user input. In one aspect of theinvention, transparent display screen 13 is a touch-enabled screen andcontroller 16 is programmed to detect various gestures that are executedon transparent display screen 13 by a user when the user touchestransparent display screen 13. For the purposes of this discussion, agesture will be defined to be an action in which the user touches thescreen and moves the user's finger while the finger remains in contactwith the screen. Gestures may involve more than one finger. The user canelicit additional information about the experiment or a component of theexperimental setup by touching transparent display screen 13 orexecuting a predetermined gesture on transparent display screen 13 at apredetermined location. The information displayed will, in general,depend on the experimental setup, the location at which the touch orgesture is performed, and the nature of the gesture.

For example, if the user touches transparent display screen 13 at alocation corresponding to flask 21 as shown at 29, controller 16displays information about the contents of the flask and, optionally,the flask itself in a pop-up window 31. If the particular component ofthe experimental setup has additional sensors associated with thatcomponent, and those sensors are not currently displayed, pop-up window31 can display them in response to a gesture indicating additionalinformation about the component that was identified by the firstgesture. For example, a two-finger gesture executed over pop-up window31 or flask 21 in which the fingers are moved apart relative to oneanother could be utilized to request more detailed information on flask21 or its contents.

Additional information that pertains to other aspects of theexperimental setup or protocol can be elicited by touching a menu 32provided on transparent display screen 13. This information could alsoinclude a log used by various laboratory personnel to make notes on theexperiment and to communicate with one another.

Controller 16 also displays various warnings such as the “DANGER”message shown at 33 in response to one or more of the sensors thatmonitor the experiment detecting a problem. In one aspect of theinvention, controller 16 accesses sensors that measure conditions withinchamber 12 and compares those measurements to expected levels todetermine if problems exist. For example, camera 15 could be an infraredcamera that measures temperatures as a function of location withinchamber 12. If a measured temperature value exceeds a predeterminedthreshold, a safety alert is displayed together with informationidentifying the region in which elevated temperature was detected.

In one aspect of the invention, controller 16 communicates over network18 to a monitoring site that a problem has been encountered and displaysinformation on a display at that monitoring site that gives a person atthe site the ability to respond to that information using a displayscreen that reproduces the scene that would be seen by a user in frontof transparent display screen 13. In one aspect of the invention, theremote console includes a touch-enabled display screen that allows theuser to interact with the experiment in the same manner that a personstanding at transparent display screen 13 could interact.

In another aspect of the invention, controller 16 records the data fromthe various sensors at intervals specified in an experimental setupprogram that is part of the experiment being executed. This data mayalso include pictures taken with cameras, such as camera 15 shown inFIG. 1, to further document the experiment.

In the above described embodiments, the user touches the screen at alocation that corresponds to one of the components in the experimentalsetup to elicit information about that component. However, the componentin question is located some distance behind the display screen. In oneaspect of the invention, controller 16 determines which component isbeing selected by using camera 17 shown in FIG. 1 to determine theposition of the user's eye relative to transparent display screen 13.Given this information and the point on transparent display screen 13 atwhich the user touches transparent display screen 13, controller 16 cancorrect for parallax and determine which component the user isindicating when the user touches transparent display screen 13.

In the above-described embodiments, the information displayed ontransparent display screen 13 augments the view of the experimentalsetup that the user sees looking through transparent display screen 13.In another aspect of the invention, a separate image of the experimentalsetup is generated on the display screen itself by controller 16. Forexample, this image can be generated by using the images captured by acamera such as camera 15 when the user selects an option by a gesture ontransparent display screen 13.

In another aspect of the invention, the image is generated from theexperimental setup information stored in controller 16. In this case,the image could be a stylized image that represents the experimentalsetup. An image generated on the display screen itself has the advantageof being free from the parallax problems discussed above. In addition,the stylized image is more easily reproduced on remote terminals thathave lower resolution displays.

Refer now to FIG. 3, which illustrates the view through transparentdisplay screen 13 in an embodiment of the present invention that employssuch a stylized image. The experimental setup shown in FIG. 3 is thesame as that shown in FIG. 2. However, in FIG. 3, a stylizedrepresentation of the experimental setup in which the various componentsare replaced by graphical symbols is generated at 51 by controller 16.The sensor data is presented in the stylized representation rather thanat locations near the actual components in the experiment. In thisembodiment, the user can execute gestures on stylized representation 51to elicit additional information in a manner analogous to that discussedabove. For example, the user can elicit the temperature reading from theheater by touching the graphical symbol for the thermometer in stylizedrepresentation 51 as shown at 52.

In one aspect of the invention, the stylized representation of theexperimental setup is transmitted to a remote console so that personnelwho are not at the experiment site can monitor and control theexperiment. In such an arrangement, the actual image of the experimentalsetup does not need to be sent continually, as the data is on thestylized representation, and that representation can be sent overchannels with very limited bandwidth.

The above-described embodiments of the present invention utilize arelatively large semi-transparent display screen located between theexperiment in the fume hood and the laboratory personnel who areinteracting with the experiment. The screen must be capable ofdisplaying information that can be viewed by the user. It would beadvantageous for this screen to also be a touch-enabled screen orcapable of determining a position on the screen in response to a userinteraction with the screen. A screen constructed from a material thatcan protect the user from an explosion or discharge of toxic materialswithin the chamber is also advantageous. In one aspect of the invention,transparent display screen 13 is constructed from a translucent plasticthat allows the user to see through the screen and also allows an imageto be projected on the screen such that the user simultaneously viewsboth the generated image and the scene behind transparent display screen13.

Technologies for tracking the position of a user's finger or a stylus ona large screen are known to the art, and hence, will not be discussed indetail here. For the purposes of this discussion, it should be notedthat the position at which the user touches the screen with the user'sfinger or a special stylus can be determined optically, electrically, oracoustically. For example, an optical system that uses a camera thatviews the user through the screen can detect the point at which the usertouches the screen. Referring again to FIG. 1, such a camera is shown at36. Systems that cause the point of contact of the user's finger on thescreen to emit light of a predetermined color are also known to the art.For example, U.S. Pat. No. 7,310,090 describes a system in which lightis trapped within a thin film by internal reflection. When the usertouches the film, part of the light is caused to escape at the point ofcontact and viewed by a camera on the other side of the thin film. Inprinciple, a camera on the user's side of the display screen could alsobe used to determine the location at which the user is touching thescreen.

Systems for tracking a stylus relative to the screen are used inpresentation systems for classrooms or conferences. In one type ofsystem, the stylus emits an ultrasound pulse that is detected by sensorson the edge of the display area. The time delay between the emission ofthe pulse and its reception at a plurality of locations is used todetermine the position of the stylus.

Position sensing using electrical properties of a transparent layerattached to the screen can also be utilized. Such systems measure anelectrical property of the layer from contacts at a plurality of pointson the periphery of the screen. When the user presses the user's fingeron the screen, the position of the interaction with the screen isdetermined by measuring a corresponding property at the contact points.

Information can be displayed on the screen by projecting an image ontothe screen. In this case, the screen needs to be translucent so that theuser can see through the screen in addition to seeing the informationprojected on the screen. A projector such as projector 37 shown in FIG.1 can be utilized for this purpose. Using a rear projection scheme hasthe advantage of avoiding shadowing of the image by the user.

As noted above, in some aspects of the invention, controller 16 includesinformation about the experimental setup. This information can beentered as part of the experimental setup information and/or collectedby controller 16 itself. For the purpose of this discussion, the dataentry process can be divided into two phases. The first involvesinputting data specifying the components of the experimental setup andhow these components are connected. The second phase involves making acorrespondence between the elements from the first phase and the imagesseen by the controller through the cameras.

If the user enters the setup information manually, a graphical userinterface system in which the user picks components from predeterminedlists of components and selects how the components are connected to oneanother could be utilized. Commercial software that provides thesefunctions are known to the art, and hence, will not be discussed indetail here. In one aspect of the invention, some of the components areselected from a predetermined list of components in which theinformation for each component in the list includes information as toany sensors associated with that component and how those sensors areaccessed and the results displayed.

For example, the entry for heater 24 shown in FIG. 2 could indicate thatthe heater has a temperature sensor that can be accessed by the localarea network using an IP address specified in the entry and a specificURL command that retrieves the temperature reading in a predeterminedformat. The entry may also include information specifying a graphicalrepresentation for the component in question. In one aspect of theinvention, the graphical representation is used to construct the portionof the stylist experimental display discussed above with reference toFIG. 3.

In another aspect of the invention, controller 16 determines one or moreof the components in the experimental setup using sensors that are partof controller 16 that use the image of the component or a identificationtag associated with the component. For example, a camera such as camera15 can be used to generate an image of the experimental setup that isthen processed through image recognition software on controller 16 todetermine the specific components in the experimental setup. Controller16 then looks up the attributes of the components in a table ofpredetermined components. Controller 16 could also determine theconnections between the components from such images. This process can befacilitated by machine readable labels on one or more components such asbar codes or radio frequency identification tags.

The above-described embodiments of the present invention have beendiscussed in relationship to a fume hood. However, the principles of thepresent invention can also be applied to improve other forms ofenvironmental chambers that have transparent walls, or walls includingtransparent windows, that separate an area in which personnel work froman area containing the environment being monitored. While such chambersmay have controlled environments, chambers in which the transparent wallacts as a safety shield for protecting the area outside the chamber inthe event of an explosion or other safety situation can also benefitfrom the present invention.

It should also be noted that an existing environmental chamber can beconverted to an environmental chamber according to the present inventionby providing a transparent display between an existing glass wall of thechamber and the user and providing suitable sensors to monitor theinterior of the chamber.

The above-described embodiments of the present invention have beenprovided to illustrate various aspects of the invention. However, it isto be understood that different aspects of the present invention thatare shown in different specific embodiments can be combined to provideother embodiments of the present invention. In addition, variousmodifications to the present invention will become apparent from theforegoing description and accompanying drawings. Accordingly, thepresent invention is to be limited solely by the scope of the followingclaims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A chamber comprising: an interior compartmentthat is separated from an external environment adapted for personnelthat monitor said interior compartment; a transparent augmented displaypositioned between said interior compartment and said externalenvironment that allows a user in said external environment to view saidinterior compartment through said transparent augmented display and animage generated on said augmented display; and a controller thatgenerates said image, wherein said image comprises information about acomponent within said interior compartment.
 2. The chamber of claim 1wherein said transparent augmented display forms part of one wall ofsaid interior compartment.
 3. The chamber of claim 1 wherein saidinterior compartment comprises a fume hood.
 4. The chamber of claim 1wherein said augmented display comprises a touch-enabled display screen.5. The chamber of claim 1 wherein said image comprises informationgenerated by sensors in said interior compartment.
 6. The chamber ofclaim 1 wherein said image comprises a drawing of an experimental setupwithin said interior compartment with said information displayed on saiddrawing.
 7. The chamber of claim 1 wherein said interior compartmentcomprises an experimental setup comprising a plurality of components andwherein said controller utilizes a sensor that communicates with saidcontroller to identify one of said components.
 8. The chamber of claim 7wherein said sensor comprises a camera and said controller utilizes animage from said camera to identify said component.
 9. The chamber ofclaim 7 wherein said one of said components includes a tag identifyingthat component, said tag being read by said controller.
 10. The chamberof claim 6 wherein said controller generates said drawing usinginformation that specifies an experimental setup in said interiorcompartment.
 11. The chamber of claim 6 wherein said controllertransmits said image to a remote location.
 12. The chamber of claim 1wherein said controller transmits an image that would be seen throughsaid augmented display to a remote location.
 13. The chamber of claim 4wherein said controller determines a direction in which a user islooking and uses said determined direction to identify a component insaid interior compartment identified by said user when said user touchessaid touch-enabled display screen.
 14. The chamber of claim 1 furthercomprising a camera that forms an infrared image of said interiorcompartment.
 15. The chamber of claim 14 wherein said controllerincludes information from said infrared image in said generated image.16. The chamber of claim 15 wherein said generated image indicatesregions of elevated temperature in said chamber.
 17. The chamber ofclaim 16 wherein said controller generates a safety alert if one of saidelevated temperature regions exceeds a predetermined threshold.
 18. Thechamber of claim 1 wherein said image comprises information from sensorsassociated with components in said interior compartment.